absolutism
111Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie — Count Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie Lord High Treasurer of Sweden In office 1652–1660 Preceded by …
112History of socialism — The history of socialism, sometimes termed modern socialism , [Encyclopedia Australia entry on socialism] finds its origins in the French Revolution of 1789 and the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, although it has precedents in …
113Kingdom of Bohemia (1648–1867) — 1648 ndash; 1740 In 1683, Leopold I (1656 1705) defeated the Turks and paved the way for the restoration of the Kingdom of Hungary to its previous territorial dimensions. The brief reign of Joseph I (1705 11) was followed by that of Charles VI… …
114Spanish Constitution of 1812 — Plaza de España in Cadiz, commemorating the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was promulgated 19 March 1812 by the Cádiz Cortes, the national legislative assembly (Cortes Generales General Courts ) of Spain, while in… …
115Juan Martín Díez — [ Francisco Goya.] Juan Martín Díez, called the Empecinado ( es. the undaunted), was a historic Spaniard famous for his contributions to the Peninsular War.Early lifeDíez was born in Castrillo de Duero (Valladolid, Spain) on September 5, 1775. He …
116Mariano Moreno — For the Neuquén village, see Mariano Moreno (Neuquén). Mariano Moreno …
117Absolute monarchy in France — was established during the 17th century.Though earlier French kings had tried to strengthen their power, which was scattered among the nobles, it was finally established during the reign of Louis XIII and consolidated during that of Louis XIV. It …
118History of Portugal (1777–1834) — History of Portugal caption=Miguel I of Portugal, the TraditionalistThe history of Portugal from the beginning of Maria I s reign in 1777 to the end of the Liberal Wars in 1834 spans a complex historic period in which several important political… …
119Poul Christian Stemann — Poul Christian (von) Stemann (April 14, 1764 November 25, 1855) was a Danish state official and leading minister 1827 1848.Stemann belonged to an old civil service family of German origin that has created many Danish local officials. As a young… …
120History of Western civilization — The history of Western civilization traces its roots back to Classical Antiquity and continues to the present era in Europe, North America, Australia, and New ZealandAntiquity (before AD 500)The opposition of an European West to an Asiatic East… …
